sábado, 26 de mayo de 2007

Resumen básico sobre Generaciones de Pcs.







  • Primera Generación:
    Podemos decir que se desarrolla entre 1940 y 1952. Es la época de los computadores que funcionaban a lámparas y el uso era exclusivo para el ámbito científico / militar. Para poder programarlos había que modificar directamente los valores de los circuitos de las máquinas. Sus principales características a destacar eran:

  • Inmensas.

  • Enorme tamaño. Poca capacidad de trabajo. Se les comparaba por esto con los “Dinosaurios”

  • Ocupaban cuartos enteros.

  • Pesaban unos 30000 kilos.

  • Tenían quilómetros de cables.

  • Su principal componente electrónico eran las lámparas, válvulas o tubos de vacío y alguna llegó a tener cerca de 18000.

  • El consumo de energía eléctrica era tal que dejaban la ciudad a “media luz” con un enorme costo también económico.

  • Desprendían por ello una considerable cantidad de calor que hacía que las lámparas se recalentaran y se quemaran rápidamente.

  • Se utilizaban enormes sistemas de ventilación para evitar esto y mantener en lo posible la temperatura.

  • Segunda Generación:
    Va desde 1952 a 1964. Ésta surge cuando se sustituye la válvula por el transistor. En esta generación aparecen los primeros computadores comerciales, los cuales ya tenían una programación previa que serían los sistemas operativos. Éstos interpretaban instrucciones en lenguaje de programación (Cobol, Fortran), de esta manera, el programador escribía sus programas en esos lenguajes y el ordenador era capaz de traducirlo al lenguaje de máquina.


  • Tercera Generación:
    Se dio entre 1964 y 1971. Es la generación en la cual se comienzan a utilizar los circuitos integrados; esto permitió por un lado abaratar costos y por el otro aumentar la capacidad de procesamiento reduciendo el tamaño físico de las máquinas. Por otra parte, esta generación es importante porque se da un notable mejoramiento en los lenguajes de programación y, además, surgen los programas utilitarios.
  • Cuarta Generación:
    Se desarrolla entre los años 1971 y 1981. Esta fase de evolución se caracterizó por la integración de los componentes electrónicos dando lugar a la parición del microprocesador, que es la integración de todos los elementos básicos del ordenador en un solo circuito integrado.

  • Quinta Generación:
    Va desde 1981 hasta nuestros días (aunque ciertos expertos consideran finalizada esta generación con la aparición de los procesadores Pentium, consideraremos que la misma aún no ha finalizado). Esta quinta generación se caracteriza por el surgimiento de la PC, tal como se la conoce en la actualidad y el afianzamiento de redes informáticas y de comunicación, el auge de Internet, el desarrollo de software mucho más potente, la Inteligencia Artificial, la Cibernética, la Robótica, etc. Etc.

Quieres saber más:

Visita:

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos13/histcomp/histcomp.shtml


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